Reinvestigation of the scaling law of the windblown sand launch velocity with a wind tunnel experiment

Windblown sand transport is a leading factor in the geophysical evolution of arid and semi-arid regions. The evolution speed is usually indicated by the sand transport rate that is a function of launch velocity of sand particle, whichhasbeen investigated by the experimental measurement and numerical simulation. However, the obtained results in literatures are inconsistent. Some researchers have discovered a relation between average launch velocity and wind shear velocity, while some other researchers have suggested that average launch velocity is independent of wind shear velocity. The inconsistence of launch velocity leads to a controversy in the scaling law of the sand transport rate in the windblown case. On the contrary, in subaqueous case, the scaling law of the sand transport rate has been widely accepted as a cubic function of fluid shear velocity. In order to explain the debates surrounding the windblown case and the difference between windblown and subaquatic cases, this study reinvestigates the scaling law of the vertical launch velocity of windblown transported sand particles by using a dimensional analysis in consideration of the compatibility of the characteristic time of sand particle motion and that of air flow. Then a wind tunnel experiment is conducted to confirm the revisited scaling law, where the sand particle motion pictures are recorded by a high-speed camera and then the launch velocity is solved by the particle tracking velocimetry. By incorporating the results of dimensional analysis and wind tunnel experiment, it can be concluded that, the ratio of saltonsnumber to reptonsnumberdetermines the scaling law of sand particle launch velocity and that of sand transport rate, and using this ratio is able to explain the discrepancies among the classical models of steady sand transport. Moreover, the resulting scaling law can explain the sand sieving phenomenon: a greater fraction of large grains is observed as the distance to the wind tunnel entrance becomes larger.     

大载荷无人直升机静电喷雾沉积特性试验研究

为探索在大载荷植保无人直升机下洗气流作用下各因素对静电喷雾沉积特性的影响规律,将正交试验与Box-Behnken响应面试验相结合,在定性分析的基础上,建立起沉积特性参数与荷电电压、飞行参数等影响因素之间的数学预测模型,定量地分析了各因素对沉积特性的影响.结果表明:大载荷无人直升机静电喷雾沉积特性受施药过程中荷电电压和飞行参数的影响显著.雾滴单位面积沉积量与荷电电压成正相关,与飞行速度、飞行高度成负相关.相同飞行参数下(飞行速度5m/s、飞行高度4m),荷电电压8kV的静电喷雾单位面积沉积量为0.3180μL/cm²,比非静电喷雾单位面积沉积量提高了1.17倍.与此同时,沉积量变异系数与飞行速度成正相关,与荷电电压、飞行高度成负相关,即增加荷电电压、降低飞行速度或者提高飞行高度能有效改善雾滴的沉积均匀性.     

基于流式细胞术的桫椤基因组大小测定

以买麻藤(Gnetum montanum)为内参,测定5种常用裂解液(Tris·MgCl_2、LB01、WPB、Otto’s、Galbraith’s)对桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)细胞核的裂解效果,并通过比较桫椤和买麻藤流式细胞仪测定的荧光峰值,计算出桫椤的基因组大小。结果表明:5种裂解液中,WPB为桫椤最佳裂解液;桫椤基因组大小为6 003.25Mb,即2C DNA含量为6.138 pg。     

Assessing appetite of the swimming fish based on spontaneous collective behaviors in a recirculating aquaculture system

In order to realize the real-time appetite-based feeding in aquaculture, a novel and practical method, based on the quantification of the spontaneous collective behaviors, was proposed in this study to assess the real-time appetite of the swimming fish in a recirculating aquaculture system. First, foreground feature points of fish school were extracted using an improved complex network. Then, covariance, a modified social force model and a kinetic energy model were used to analyze the collective behaviors of the school from perspectives of dispersion degree, interaction force and the changing magnitude of the water flow field, respectively. Finally, the quantified behavioral characteristics were integrated and used to assess the appetite of fish school. The presented method shows its good performance in the expression of the collective behaviors representing five typical appetites (0.01, 0.52, 1.28, 2.26 and 2.92), and the assessing accuracy of the appetite of the school is also maintained at a low non-match rate ((2.19 ± 0.81)% best) in the context of ten different sampling durations.     

泥炭块制作机应用前景展望

介绍了泥炭块育苗技术的优点，分析了泥炭块制作机制作泥炭块的工艺流程及其关键技术，展望了泥炭块制作机的应用前景。     

风沙流频繁吹袭对樟子松幼苗光合水分代谢的影响

为了解风沙流频繁吹袭对樟子松幼苗光合水分代谢的影响,2013年在内蒙古科尔沁沙地研究了0（对照）,6,9,12,15和18 m／s 等6个风速处理风沙流（风沙流强度相应为1．00,28．30,63．28,111．82和172．93 g／cm·min）4次吹袭下3龄樟子松幼苗光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率等指标的变化规律。结果表明,1）频繁的风沙流吹袭,可以改变樟子松幼苗蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间 CO2浓度和水分利用效率的日变化规律,但对光合速率日变化规律影响较小;2）随着风沙流强度的增加,其叶片相对含水量、叶面温度和日均光合速率、日均水分利用效率趋于下降,18 m／s 处理和对照相比分别下降4．6％,1．8％,52．6％和56．3％;日均蒸腾速率、日均气孔导度和胞间 CO2浓度趋于增加,18 m／s 处理和对照相比分别增加31．6％,75．0％和30．9％;3）随着风沙流强度的增加,其日最大光合速率和日最大水分利用效率趋于下降,日最大胞间 CO2浓度趋于增加,15 m／s 以下风沙流吹袭其日最大蒸腾速率降低,15 m／s 以上风沙流吹袭其日最大蒸腾速率显著增加;4）在风沙流吹袭下,樟子松光合能力的降低主要源于叶片含水量和叶片温度的下降以及叶片的机械损伤,而蒸腾速率的增加主要源于气孔导度的大幅度提升。     

Flow cytometric evaluation of ki67 for the determination of malignancy grade in canine lymphoma

Ki67 is a nuclear antigen significantly correlated with degree of malignancy in human non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. We wanted to assess the ability of flow cytometric evaluation of Ki67 index (Ki67I) in differentiating the grade of malignancy in canine lymphomas. Ki67I was determined on lymph node aspirates of 90 immunophenotyped lymphomas classified according to the updated Kiel classification: 80 high grade (HG, 62 B cell and 18 T cell) and 10 low grade (LG, 3 B cell and 7 T cell) lymphomas. HG lymphomas showed significantly higher Ki67I compared with LG lymphomas (P < 0.0001). A significant difference in HG lymphomas was detected between B‐ and T‐immunophenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve highlighted a high accuracy of Ki67I in recognizing HG lymphomas [area under the curve (AUC) = 99.4] and a cut‐off value of 12.2% was established (sensitivity = 96.3% and specificity = 100%). Thus, we suggest the combination of Ki67I flow cytometric determination and immunophenotype as a reliable tool to classify canine lymphomas.